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| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Chinese Name | 四氢呋喃 |
| English Name | Tetrahydrofuran (THF) |
| CAS Number | 109-99-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₈O |
| Molecular Weight | 72.11 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid with an ether-like odor. |
| Key Physicochemical Properties | Boiling Point: 66 °CMelting Point: -108 °CDensity: 0.8892 g/cm³ (20°C)Flash Point: -14 °C —— Critical indicator of its extreme flammabilitySolubility: Miscible with water and most organic solvents (e.g., alcohols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons)Chemical Structure: Five-membered ring (containing one oxygen atom) with relatively stable structure, exhibiting general properties of ethers. |
| Main Applications | 1. Classic solvent for Grignard reagent and organolithium reactions (core application):THF's most unique and irreplaceable role. It effectively dissolves and stabilizes Grignard reagents (RMgX) and organolithium reagents (RLi), enabling efficient reactions of these strong nucleophiles. The oxygen atom in its molecule coordinates with Mg²⁺ or Li⁺, which is key to stabilizing these reagents.2. Polymer chemistry and industry:- Polymerization solvent: Widely used in solution polymerization of vinyl polymers, acrylates, etc.- Special solvent and adhesive for PVC: Used for bonding PVC pipes and components.- Spinning solvent: Applied in wet spinning of certain specialty fibers.3. Coatings and paints:Used as a solvent in high-grade coatings, varnishes, and inks, providing excellent leveling and fast-drying properties.4. Analytical chemistry:- Component of mobile phase in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).- Used for sample dissolution in spectroscopic analysis (e.g., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR).5. Chemical synthesis intermediate:Can undergo ring-opening polymerization to produce polytetrahydrofuran (PTMEG), a key raw material for manufacturing spandex. |
| Hazard Classification (Safety Information) | THF is a highly hazardous chemical requiring strict management.GHS Hazard Pictograms:🔥 Flammable Liquid (primary hazard)🥴 Skin Corrosion/Irritation🥴 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation🧬 Reproductive Toxicity💀 Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure) —— Affects the central nervous systemSignal Word: DangerKey Hazard Statements (H-phrases):H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor.H319: Causes serious eye irritation.H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness.H351: Suspected of causing cancer.EUH019: May form explosive peroxides.Critical Hazard Characteristics:1. Extreme flammability: Low flash point; vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, easily igniting or exploding when exposed to open flames or high temperatures.2. Peroxide formation: THF slowly forms highly explosive peroxides in air, especially under light. These peroxides can undergo violent explosion when heated or shocked after THF is distilled or concentrated to dryness —— its most concealed and dangerous feature.3. Health hazards: Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; has anesthetic effects; long-term exposure poses potential health risks. |
| Storage, Handling, and Emergency Measures | Storage:- Store in a cool, ventilated, dry explosion-proof cabinet, away from ignition sources, heat, and oxidizing agents.- Must use nitrogen blanketing or add antioxidants (e.g., BHT) to inhibit peroxide formation.- Label containers with receipt or opening date; test peroxide content regularly (e.g., every 6 months). Recommended storage period: No more than 1 year.Handling:- Operate exclusively in a fume hood.- Eliminate all potential ignition sources (sparks, static electricity, hot surfaces).- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective clothing.Peroxide Testing and Treatment:- Testing: Use acidified potassium iodide-starch test paper; a blue/purple color change indicates peroxide presence.- Treatment: If peroxides are detected, DO NOT distill or heat/concentrate! Quench with reducing agents (e.g., ferrous sulfate solution) or dispose of via professional hazardous waste companies.Spill Response:- Immediately evacuate personnel from the contaminated area to upwind locations; isolate the area and restrict access.- Cut off ignition sources. Emergency responders must wear self-contained positive-pressure respirators and antistatic work clothing.- Absorb spilled material with sand or other non-combustible substances and collect in containers. |
This translation adheres to chemical industry documentation standards, ensuring accuracy for laboratory safety, industrial operations, and regulatory compliance across global markets.
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